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Commercial courts were set up to decide business disputes faster, with strict timelines. If you are recovering unpaid invoices or contract dues, here is how the process works.
Last reviewed: October 2026 · General information only, not legal advice.
The Commercial Courts Act, 2015 covers disputes arising from ordinary transactions of merchants, bankers and traders, sale of goods and services, supply and distribution agreements, construction and infrastructure contracts, partnership and shareholder agreements, franchising, intellectual property and similar business dealings CCA 2(1)(c). The dispute must have a specified value of ₹3 lakh or more.
Unless urgent interim relief is sought, a commercial suit cannot be filed without first attempting pre-institution mediation through the Legal Services Authority CCA 12A. The Supreme Court held this mandatory in Patil Automation (2022). Mediation is to be completed within 3 months (extendable by 2 months), and a settlement reached has the force of an arbitral award.
A commercial dispute must have a specified value of ₹3 lakh or more to be heard by a Commercial Court under the Commercial Courts Act, 2015.
Yes, unless the suit seeks urgent interim relief. The Supreme Court held in Patil Automation (2022) that a commercial suit filed without pre-institution mediation under Section 12A is liable to be rejected.
In commercial suits, the defendant forfeits the right to file a written statement after 120 days from service of summons, and the court cannot extend the time beyond that.
Every case turns on its own facts. Speak to Advocate Ajay Mishra for advice specific to your situation — in person at IP Extension (Delhi) or Vaishali (Ghaziabad), by phone, or by video call.